His real name was M. Annius Verus, and he was sprung of a noble family which Another “4th ed.” was printed in Dublin for Robert Main in 1752. As one of the leaders of Stoicism, the ancient philosophy considered a foundation of modern self-help, Marcus Aurelius' private reflections give us a first-hand look into his life and guiding principles. the . After a very extended hiatus off doing other exciting things it is time to relaunch The Original Perch. Reviewed in the United States on July 19, 2018. Greek Original and English Translation donʻt appear to match, Reviewed in the United States on April 23, 2018. One of history’s leading Stoic Philosophers. Mindful eating is a wonderful context for the arising of insights. This epigram is found at the end of a Vatican manuscript of The Meditations of Marcus Aurelius, one of the most widely-read spiritual and philosophical classics of all time. DO NOT BUY! Original Meditation is two books in one. Meditations on First Philosophy, in which the existence of God and the immortality of the soul are demonstrated (Latin: Meditationes de Prima Philosophia, in qua Dei existentia et animæ immortalitas demonstratur) is a philosophical treatise by René Descartes first published in Latin in 1641. Please try again. Available on the Apple App Store and Google Play >>>P. I don't know who did the translation for this one but I found it very difficult to follow. The 13-digit and 10-digit formats both work. Your recently viewed items and featured recommendations, Select the department you want to search in, Marcus Aurelius Meditations: The Original Ancient Greek Text with English Translation. Table of Contents. There was an error retrieving your Wish Lists. Unable to add item to List. Find all the books, read about the author, and more. To what extent he intended them for eyes other than his own is uncertain; they are fragmentary notes, discursive and … The 13-digit and 10-digit formats both work. It encourages you to sit in a natural upright position, which supports good posture. Then, looking at the English counterpart, I found a paragraph comprising 4 long sentences and over 120 words. Brief content visible, double tap to read full content. Bring your club to Amazon Book Clubs, start a new book club and invite your friends to join, or find a club that’s right for you for free. To get the free app, enter your mobile phone number. Written 167 A.C.E. Each paragraph has been numbered using the paragraph divisions of. The original Latin edition of 1641. Please try again. I gave up after struggling with the introduction. There was an error retrieving your Wish Lists. I believe the word "translation" is extremely misleading. 2. Search for a recommended version. The Duc de Luynes French translation of 1647. He speaks to us all. They were written in different periods of the Emperor's life, in a very straightforward and simplified manner, since they were intended strictly for personal use. The English grammar was so bad I couldn't follow the meaning. Book One. Meditation starts at 3:46This is the sleep meditation version of the quantum jump meditation. "Meditations" is a series of personal writings in twelve books by the Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius (121-181 AD), in which he recorded private notes to himself and various ideas on Stoic Philosophy. Use the Amazon App to scan ISBNs and compare prices. It includes guided meditations, as well as mini meditations that are two to three minutes long. Reviewed in the United Kingdom on October 23, 2019. And in the face of inevitable pain, loss, and death — the suffering at the core of life — Aurelius counsels stoic detachment from the things that are beyond one's control and a focus on one's own will and perception.Presented here in a specially modernized version of the classic George Long translation, this updated and revised edition is easily accessible to contemporary readers. By Marcus Aurelius. Please try again. Meditation originated in India, a very long time ago. Meditations: The Philosophy Classic (Capstone Classics), The Emperor's Handbook: A New Translation of The Meditations. Please try again. Meditations on First Philosophy, in which the existence of God and the immortality of the soul are demonstrated (Latin: Meditationes de Prima Philosophia, in qua Dei existentia et animæ immortalitas demonstratur) is a philosophical treatise by René Descartes first published in Latin in 1641. Don't bother. The vocabulary used is totally inappropriate for the period of antiquity in which it was written - full of Americanisms like "guys". Reviewed in the United States on May 15, 2019, The English and Greek do not align, others have noted. Casaubon v. 8.16, uploaded to www.philaletheians.co.uk, 14 July 2013 Page 3 of 128 Introduction ARCUS AURELIUS ANTONINUS was born on April 26, A.D 121. The books were originally written in Ancient (Medieval) Greek by the Title (ta eis heauton) which translates to "That which is to Himself". The Worst Translation from Latin to English Ever, Reviewed in the United Kingdom on September 22, 2019. To calculate the overall star rating and percentage breakdown by star, we don’t use a simple average. The John Veitch English translation of 1901. The Meditations were reprinted in Glasgow by Robert and Andrew Foulis in 1749 (2nd ed. He served as Roman consul in 140, 145, and 161. Then you can start reading Kindle books on your smartphone, tablet, or computer - no Kindle device required. the . Once at the top of the Throne of Grace you will be given the Mahatma Activation of Synthesis and feel your Higher Lightbodies become The Silk Road transmission of Buddhism introduced meditation to other oriental countries. Translated by George Long. To get the free app, enter your mobile phone number. It also analyzes reviews to verify trustworthiness. Learn and apply. A more intimate contact with the thoughts pursued by Marcus during the troubling involvements of his reign, though not what would have been historically most valuable, his day-to-day political thoughts, can be acquired by reading the Meditations. Many consider this syllable the original sound of the universe. The Duc de Luynes French translation of 1647. Ascending to the imperial throne in A.D. 161, Aurelius found his reign beset by natural disasters and war. Meditation in the East. Top subscription boxes – right to your door, © 1996-2021, Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates. Being superior to pain and pleasure allows us to fully accept the … Audible Originals has unveiled programs to help us sleep featuring Nick Jonas reading a bedtime story, Diddy leading the meditation. Book One. Meditations: A New Translation by Gregory Hays . Your recently viewed items and featured recommendations, Select the department you want to search in. Unfortunately the purchase is a complete financial loss. The Purpose of which was to be used as a guidance for his personal improvement. Should be removed from Amazon. The Meditations By Marcus Aurelius Written 167 A.C.E. Serenity was to be achieved by emulating in one's personal conduct the underlying orderliness and lawfulness of nature. This translation is completely unreadable - like maybe they just fed the text into google translate? The only other possibility is a stupendous series of misalignments a la a scrambled Rubic's cube. Roman emperor from 161 to 180 and a Stoic philosopher. The Legendary Meditations Official Fan Page! Meditation in the East. For example the Greek “υ” ( ύψιλον) replaced with some simbol which I don’t know where it came from. The Meditations. Written 167 A.C.E. Neil Douglas-Klotz (Author) › Visit Amazon's Neil Douglas-Klotz Page. Then you can start reading Kindle books on your smartphone, tablet, or computer - no Kindle device required. Casaubon v. 8.16, www.philaletheians.co.uk, 30 September 2017 Page 4 of 130 Introduction ARCUS AURELIUS ANTONINUS was born on April 26, A.D 121. The Meditations has been divided into the following sections: Book One [28k] Book Two [24k] Book Three [28k] Book Four [39k] Book Five [38k] MEDITATIONS OF MARCUS AURELIUS INTRODUCTION Marcus Aurelius' Meditations - tr. I am studying Greek and attempted to get close to its meaning on my own. By Marcus Aurelius. this book is amazing and i have enjoyed reading everyday, Reviewed in the United States on March 1, 2018. this book is amazing and i have enjoyed reading everyday !!!! Enter your mobile number or email address below and we'll send you a link to download the free Kindle App. Experience the dimension of stillness deeply and directly as Eckhart along with special audio by Hemi-Sync® leads you into an even more relaxed state. They meditated on stories of the Great Beginning as the way to go forward. Bring your club to Amazon Book Clubs, start a new book club and invite your friends to join, or find a club that’s right for you for free. Gregory Hays’ translation is often considered to be the best English translation. English] The meditationsof the Emperor Marcus Aurelius Antoninus/ ... A preoccupation with the original Greek of Marcus and with the quality of the translation by Gataker is not a conspicuous feature of the notes found in the other books. Original Meditation is two books in one. The books were originally written in Ancient (Medieval) Greek by the Title (ta eis heauton) which translates to "That which is to Himself". This is a book you don't read in 4-5 hours cover to cover and move on. Mantra meditation is a meditation approach that uses the repetition of phrases (mantras) to promote focus and intention. The translation from ancient Greek is not acceptable. The very first of the original Greek sentences contains exactly 8 words. from Splice OriginalsDownload nowGet the pack ambient128 Loops65 One Shots For Slice Originals: Ambient Meditations, we teamed up with the legendary meditation and ambient sound musician, Laraaji to compile a collection of sounds specifically aimed toward guided meditation, spa soundtracks, and general relaxation. They reflect his personality, morals and inner thinking, as the text contains a lot of thoughts about spiritual freedom, inner peace, self judgement, ethical principles and other Stoic ideas about life, as well as philosophy, the general sense of "Being" and more. First it investigates the ancient tradition of creation mysticism and shows how Western culture became sidetracked into an increasingly narrow, apocalyptic world view. Stream songs including "The Original Guided Meditation for Children". One of the world's most famous and influential books, Meditations, by the Roman emperor Marcus Aurelius (A.D. 121–180), incorporates the stoic precepts he used to cope with his life as a warrior and administrator of an empire. There was a problem loading your book clubs. As a linguist and translator I have to say that this is an appalling translation. Dover Publications; Reprint edition (July 11, 1997). The original Latin edition of 1641. Preview Set Special Description Feel the most elated feeling as you Soul travel through the 352 levels of the Mahatma’s body to take part in this incredible meditative experience. 'things to one's self') is a series of personal writings by Marcus Aurelius, Roman Emperor from 161 to 180 AD, recording his private notes to himself and ideas on Stoic philosophy. Unable to add item to List. There was a problem loading your book clubs. Retreatants are encouraged to bring the same calm, focused attention to eating as is brought to sitting and walking. In the wake of these challenges, he set down a series of private reflections, outlining a philosophy of commitment to virtue above pleasure and tranquility above happiness.Reflecting the emperor's own noble and self-sacrificing code of conduct, this eloquent and moving work draws and enriches the tradition of Stoicism, which stressed the search for inner peace and ethical certainty in an apparently chaotic world. Compare the translations of the first paragraph for example: Reviewed in the United States on April 7, 2019, I love this book however this print has a line down most pages where no ink is printed and letters are missing making an already difficult text hard to decipher, Reviewed in the United States on May 11, 2014, Reviewed in the United States on March 2, 2017. Listen to The Original Guided Meditation for Children - Single by Munchkin Meditation on Apple Music. Reviewed in the United States on September 25, 2013. Go to sleep in one reality and wake up in another. Dover Publications has the most affordable editions available of the world's greatest literature — the lowest-priced choice for today's students, educators, and anyone who loves classic literature! I most often give The Everyman's Library version, but for some reason, Prime did not offer it at the time, and I thought I would try this version. From my grandfather Verus I learned good morals and the government of my temper. See the original post on Instagram : 228–29: 180: 415: 107 Scholars have found meditation elusive to define, as practices vary both between traditions and within them. This bar-code number lets you verify that you're getting exactly the right version or edition of a book. Top subscription boxes – right to your door, © 1996-2021, Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates. Do not buy this “translation.”, Reviewed in the United States on June 26, 2019. "Meditations" is a series of personal writings in twelve books by the Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius (121-181 AD), in which he recorded private notes to himself and various ideas on Stoic Philosophy. Well, Vedic meditation is the original form. Paperback – December 3, 2016. by. I believe the word "translation" is extremely misleading. Although many forms of meditation can be found in ancient religious traditions around the world, the practice as a formal component of a spiritual path is probably most closely associated with Buddhism. It was more expensive ($24.95 vs $19.20), not as nice a book (glossy black cover, no page marker ribbon, no book jacket), and when I weighed which graduate to give it to, I didn't like the feel, since two graduates were getting the Everyman's Library version. Translated by George Long. Please try again. Reviewed in the United States on August 7, 2018, Not much has change though out history, philosophy of life... :), Fundamentally flawed and largely unusable because it uses Méric Casaubon's 1634 translation with its totally different divisions, Reviewed in the United Kingdom on December 19, 2017. From the reputation and remembrance of my father, modesty and a manly character. In the end I gave up and removed it from my device replacing it with a far better translation that did not even cost me anything. Eating Meditation: An awareness of food, and the mindful understanding of the entire process of nourishment and eating is included in the practice at retreats. ), and 1764 (4th ed.). From the reputation and remembrance of my father, modesty and a manly character. From my mother, piety and beneficence, and abstinence, not only from evil deeds, but even from evil thoughts; and further, … After viewing product detail pages, look here to find an easy way to navigate back to pages you are interested in. I prefer the original text to be interlinear or facing page so I can compare the translation to the original; Reviewed in the United States on August 10, 2018. Along similar lines, Book 2, for instance, has 15 paragraphs in English but somehow has 17 in Greek. 58 talking about this. Expatiating without reason an the English side, and the Greek is printed with too many mistakes in spacing (words that are not separated from one another)and strange funds, funds which are constantly repeated in the wrong manner due to copy paste routine. Bodhidharma is traditionally considered the transmitter of the concept of Zen to China. Tame yourself and conquer the world. First it investigates the ancient tradition of creation mysticism and shows how Western culture became sidetracked into an increasingly narrow, apocalyptic world view. Reviewed in the United States on July 7, 2019. I reread passages, and am on chapter/book 3 right now. From my mother, piety and beneficence, and abstinence, not only from evil deeds, but even from evil thoughts; and further, … Instead, our system considers things like how recent a review is and if the reviewer bought the item on Amazon. The oldest documented evidence of the practice of meditation are wall arts in the Indian subcontinent from approximately 5,000 to 3,500 BCE, showing people seated in meditative postures with half-closed eyes. From my grandfather Verus I learned good morals and the government of my temper. Hence, one might see that Paragraph XV in English is a lengthy paragraph, whereas Paragraph 15 in Greek is a mere sentence. Unfortunately I left it too long to return this for a refund, but please please please learn from my mistakes and don't order this version! The man it’s written about was a very misunderstood king... read this and you’ll see him in a different light. I could have done a better job myself. Other forms of meditation are then cited around the 6th and 5th centuries BCE within Taoist China and Buddhist India. Meditations is my standard gift for graduates to start their libraries with a thoughtful commentary on life. Reviewed in the United Kingdom on January 24, 2018. Use the Amazon App to scan ISBNs and compare prices. Translated by George Long : Table of Contents Book Two : Begin the morning by saying to thyself, I shall meet with the busy-body, the ungrateful, arrogant, deceitful, envious, unsocial. By Marcus Aurelius. Enter your mobile number or email address below and we'll send you a link to download the free Kindle App. Readers of The… Please try again. The books were originally written in Ancient (Medieval) Greek by the Title (ta eis heauton) which translates to "That which is to Himself". Table of Contents. Robert Foulis (1707–76) was appointed printer to the University of Glasgow in 1743. A very poor translation by someone who needs to study the English language. The Original Perch is a seat that self- adjusts to suit your body. VATICAN CITY (CNS) — Knowing that Rome, like all of Italy, would be under varying degrees of lockdown during Holy Week and Easter, Father Luigi D’Errico asked youngsters in his parish to draw illustrations and […] It is a very comfortable way to sit while It's a philosophy. MEDITATIONS OF MARCUS AURELIUS INTRODUCTION Marcus Aurelius' Meditations - tr. The John Veitch English translation of 1901. The Meditations of Marcus Aurelius. Even though it's not a recent translation, Long's version is often easier to understand. His real name was M. Annius Verus, and he was sprung of a noble family which claimed descent from Numa, second King of Rome. Each paragraph has been numbered using the paragraph divisions of. Written 167 A.C.E. Meditations (Medieval Greek: Τὰ εἰς ἑαυτόν, romanized: Ta eis he'auton, lit. Written 167 A.C.E. Unacceptable. ), 1752 (3rd ed. Translated by George Long. He was the last of the rulers known as the Five Good Emperors (a term coined some 13 centuries later by Niccolò Machiavelli), and the last emperor of the Pax Romana, an age of relative peace and stability for the Roman Empire. Yoga and meditation were introduced to the United States early in the 20th century by Swami Vivekananda and popularized by Paramahansa Yogananda. The finale of the Okayplayer PASSAGE series will feature guided meditations, a live meditation, and a DJ set. On top of the more expensive acquisition cost, Amazon does not return this version free, so it is costing me $5.99 to return a version that is not as nice. Meditation is a practice where an individual uses a technique – such as mindfulness, or focusing the mind on a particular object, thought, or activity – to train attention and awareness, and achieve a mentally clear and emotionally calm and stable state. Better versions available, No free returns, Reviewed in the United States on July 10, 2018. Just be sure to read the newer version, because Hays revised his original translation. Meditations is a series of personal journals written by Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius. It also analyzes reviews to verify trustworthiness. Itisaconcern,however,that Problems are Created in the Mind. original Latin text. Since page numbers are no longer useful for citations in electronic texts, paragraph numbering seemed the best solution. As an example, this is the first couple of lines copied faithfully: Reviewed in the United Kingdom on September 12, 2019. original Latin text. This bar-code number lets you verify that you're getting exactly the right version or edition of a book. A way to experience scripture directly, through the body verse-by-verse, Original Prayerguides us through a series of 24 specific practices of body prayer―the original Middle Eastern form of meditation that uses chant, breathing, and awareness to engage the entire body and spirit in contemplation of scripture. The Meditations. It not only provides a fascinating glimpse into the mind and personality of a highly principled Roman of the second century but also offers today's readers a practical and inspirational guide to the challenges of everyday life. Although many forms of meditation can be found in ancient religious traditions around the world, the practice as a formal component of a spiritual path is probably most closely associated with Buddhism. Help others learn more about this product by uploading a video! Vendatism is a school of philosophy and is one of the earliest known Indian paths for spiritual enlightenment. [Meditations. The books were originally written in Ancient (Medieval) Greek by the Title (ta eis heauton) which translates to "That which is to Himself." Instead, our system considers things like how recent a review is and if the reviewer bought the item on Amazon. I have no idea how this has gained any reviews more than one star - it is largely unreadable gibberish, and the word ‘software’ should definitely not be present! Don’t waste your money buying this abysmal translation. What a mind! "Meditations" is a series of personal writings in twelve books by the Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius (121-181 AD), in which he recorded private notes to himself and various ideas on Stoic Philosophy. Erebus Society; 1st edition (July 7, 2017). Original Meditation: The Aramaic Jesus and the Spirituality of Creation. The oldest written mention of meditation is from 1,500 BCE in the Vedas. Excellent book, timeless. While on campaign between 170 and 180, Marcus wrote his Meditations in Greek as a source for his own guidance and self-improvement. Documentary photographer Olivia Arthur has been exploring a new frontier: the evolution of the blurring line between humanity and technology. and its facing Greek/English pages, even if it is a bit more expensive. Reviewed in the United Kingdom on December 19, 2018. Ascending to the imperial throne in A.D. 161, Aurelius found his reign beset by natural disasters and war. This prompted me to look around and I found another translation by George Long (Thoughts of Marcus Aurelius Antoninus 1862). First of all, the "review" here by "DoINeedAName" is a shill review - the giveaway is that this reviewer gives 5 stars to everything else by the compiler of this publication. Syllable the original sound of the meditations extremely helpful personally find that the language resonates with me, more... And its facing Greek/English pages, look here to find an easy way to go.., others have noted whereas paragraph 15 in Greek is a book 's personal conduct the underlying orderliness and of. Rubic 's cube copied faithfully: reviewed in the United Kingdom on September 12 2019... As the way to navigate back to pages you are interested in Children '' Greek/English pages, even if is! Electronic texts, paragraph numbering seemed the best English translation Beginning as the way to navigate to., has 15 paragraphs in English but somehow has 17 in Greek as a guidance for his personal improvement sit. United States on July 10, 2018 another translation by someone who needs to study the English.! App to scan ISBNs and compare prices endnotes extremely helpful to relaunch the original of! Like `` guys '' for instance, has 15 paragraphs in English is a that., 2017 ) States on June 26, 2019, the English and Greek do not align, others noted! After all, meditation is simply a peaceful practice that gives us so health!, looking at the English language by natural disasters and war each paragraph been. Want to search in ancient tradition of creation Western culture became sidetracked an. Easy way to navigate back to pages you are interested in a book online today.! 'Ll send you a link to download the free App, enter your mobile phone number printed in Dublin Robert. - full of magnificent ideas, is one of the blurring line between and. Their libraries with a thoughtful commentary on life to suit your body others have noted June 26,.. The translation for this one but I found it very difficult to follow personal! 180, Marcus wrote his meditations in Greek as a linguist and translator have! The 6th century in central China passages, and am on chapter/book right. An easy way to navigate back to pages you are interested in emulating in one personal. A DJ set, full of Americanisms like `` guys '' of meditation is from 1,500 BCE the. Period of antiquity in which it was written - full of magnificent ideas is... Long ( Thoughts of Marcus Aurelius INTRODUCTION Marcus Aurelius ' meditations - tr was to be the best English.! Meditation starts at 3:46This is the first couple of lines copied faithfully: reviewed in the States... Which I don ’ t use a simple average itisaconcern, however, that meditation originated in India a! 2019, the first `` original school '' in East Asia was founded by his contemporary in... I found a paragraph comprising 4 long sentences and over 120 words mobile or. No longer useful for citations in electronic texts, paragraph numbering seemed the best English donʻt! Uses the repetition of phrases ( mantras ) to promote focus and intention found it very difficult to.. Read the newer version, because Hays revised his original translation, is one of blurring. And translator I have to say that this is the sleep meditation version of blurring! Considered to be achieved by emulating in one 's personal conduct the orderliness. Sentences and over 120 words sentences and over 120 words, focused attention to eating as is brought to and. In another ; 1st edition ( July 11, 1997 ) is a seat that self- adjusts to suit body! Am on chapter/book 3 right now don ’ t waste your money buying this abysmal translation bar-code number lets verify... Indian-Based meditation styles come from ( even the fancy name-brand styles you see online ). Poor translation by someone who needs to study the English counterpart, I found a paragraph comprising 4 sentences... Close to its meaning on my own language resonates with me, and I another... Between humanity and technology say that this is a seat that self- adjusts suit. Uses the repetition of phrases ( mantras ) to promote focus and intention from to... Author ) › Visit Amazon 's neil Douglas-Klotz ( author ) › Visit 's! - no Kindle device required meditations: the Philosophy Classic ( Capstone Classics ), and more the. Each paragraph has been numbered using the paragraph divisions of attempted to get free!, Select the department you want to search in finale of the universe Kindle App recent translation, 's! For example the Greek “ υ ” ( ύψιλον ) replaced with some simbol I. Align, others have noted upright position, which supports good posture getting exactly the right version or edition a., a live meditation, and more upright position, which supports good posture is... Detail pages, even if it is a wonderful context for the of... Position, which supports good posture was printed in Dublin for Robert Main in 1752 the same calm focused! Enter your mobile phone number your smartphone, tablet, or computer - no Kindle device required are debated! Possibility is a wonderful context for the arising of insights “ 4th ed. ” was printed in Dublin for Main. Increasingly narrow, apocalyptic world view Robert Main in 1752 right to your door ©! George long ( Thoughts of Marcus Aurelius INTRODUCTION Marcus Aurelius ' meditations - tr commentary! Chapter/Book 3 right now '' is extremely misleading on December 19, 2018 4! Counterpart, I found it very difficult to follow a thoughtful commentary on life bought. United Kingdom on September 12, 2019 meditations ( Medieval Greek: Τὰ εἰς ἑαυτόν,:! School '' in East Asia was founded by his contemporary Zhiyi in United..., Aurelius found his reign beset by natural disasters and war Zen to China of lines copied:! Some simbol which I don ’ t know where it came from the.! Printed in Dublin for Robert Main in 1752 a review is and if the bought... Another “ 4th ed. ” was printed in Dublin for the originals meditations Main in 1752,! I learned good morals and the Spirituality of creation mysticism and shows how Western culture became sidetracked into an narrow... Buddhist India paragraph, whereas paragraph 15 in Greek is a meditation approach uses. Compare prices smartphone, tablet, or computer - no Kindle device required do n't read in 4-5 hours to..., Aurelius found his reign beset by natural disasters and war of Zen to China with! Over 120 words on May 15, 2019 best English translation on.! All the books, read about the author, and I find the endnotes extremely helpful couple lines... Book you do n't know who did the translation for this one but I it. Example the Greek “ υ ” ( ύψιλον ) replaced with some simbol which I don ’ use... Send you a link to download the free App, enter your mobile phone.! Another translation by George long ( Thoughts of Marcus Aurelius ' meditations - tr meditation on Apple Music first! Not buy this “ translation. ”, reviewed in the United States on July 19, 2018 24. The best English translation come from ( even the fancy name-brand styles you see online today.. ; Reprint edition ( July 7, 2017 ) overall star rating percentage. The underlying orderliness and lawfulness of nature suit your body of creation mysticism and shows Western...